TB GeneXpert (Xpert MTB/RIF)
Also known as: Xpert MTB/RIF, GeneXpert, TB PCR, TB test, genexpert test, balgham ka test
A rapid molecular test (Xpert MTB/RIF) that detects the DNA of the tuberculosis germ in sputum or other samples, and at the same time checks for resistance to rifampicin, a key TB medicine.
Why it's ordered
A cough for 2 weeks or more, coughing blood, fever, night sweats or weight loss, and contacts of people with TB. WHO recommends it as an initial test for TB.
Preparation
Give a deep-cough sputum sample (not saliva) in a sterile container, ideally early in the morning before eating, rinsing your mouth with water first.
Typical adult values
| Normal | MTB not detected |
|---|
Ranges vary between labs and methods. Always use the range printed on your report.
If it's positive / reactive
'MTB detected' confirms TB, and the report also says whether rifampicin resistance was detected. TB is curable with a full course of medicines, usually for at least 6 months. Diagnosis and treatment are free under the national TB programme in Pakistan.
Good to know
A negative result does not fully rule out TB if symptoms continue; doctors may repeat it or use other tests. Because the test detects DNA from dead germs too, it is not used to check progress during treatment; smear or culture is used instead. Never stop TB medicines early, as this can cause drug-resistant TB.
Common questions
What does 'MTB detected' mean?
It confirms TB. The report also says whether rifampicin resistance was detected.
Is TB treatment free in Pakistan?
Yes. Diagnosis and treatment are free under the national TB programme in Pakistan.
Can GeneXpert be used to check if treatment is working?
No. It detects DNA from dead germs too, so smear or culture is used to check progress during treatment.
How long is TB treatment?
Usually at least 6 months. Never stop TB medicines early, as this can cause drug-resistant TB.