PSA (Prostate)
Also known as: Prostate-specific antigen, Prostate test, PSA test, prostate ka test
Prostate-specific antigen, a protein made by the prostate gland in men. It can be raised by prostate cancer, but also by an enlarged prostate or infection.
Why it's ordered
Investigating urinary symptoms or prostate problems, following prostate cancer treatment, and, after discussion with a doctor, screening in some men.
Preparation
Avoid ejaculation and vigorous exercise such as cycling for about 48 hours before the test. Do not test during a urine infection; wait several weeks after it is treated.
Typical adult values
| Commonly used upper limit | about 4 ng/mL (lower limits are often used for younger men) |
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Ranges vary between labs and methods. Always use the range printed on your report.
If it's high
A raised PSA does not mean cancer. It is often caused by an enlarged prostate (BPH), prostate infection, a urine infection or a recent catheter. Your doctor may repeat the test or arrange further tests such as an MRI.
If it's low
A low PSA is normal. Some medicines for an enlarged prostate (such as finasteride) lower PSA, so tell your doctor if you take them.
Good to know
Screening healthy men with PSA has benefits and harms (false alarms and treating cancers that would never cause problems). USPSTF advises men aged 55–69 to decide individually with their doctor. Women do not have this test.
Common questions
Does a high PSA mean cancer?
No. It is often caused by an enlarged prostate (BPH), prostate infection, a urine infection or a recent catheter.
How should I prepare for a PSA test?
Avoid ejaculation and vigorous exercise such as cycling for about 48 hours before the test, and do not test during a urine infection.
What is a normal PSA?
A commonly used upper limit is about 4 ng/mL, with lower limits often used for younger men. Always use the range printed on your report.
Should all men have PSA screening?
Screening has benefits and harms. USPSTF advises men aged 55–69 to decide individually with their doctor.